Dextran-Based Hydrogel as a Tissue Adhesive Agent and Tissue Engineering Scaffold (pp. 109-142)

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Dextran-Based Hydrogel as a Tissue Adhesive Agent and Tissue Engineering Scaffold (pp. 109-142)

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Authors: (Xiumei Mo, Liu Yuan and Hany A. EI-Hamshary, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China and others)
Abstract: Recently, hydrogels have been used in biomedical applications. In this paper, we oxidized dextran with sodium periodate to convert 1,2-hydroxyl groups into dialdehyde groups to get aldehyde-dextran and modified gelatin with ethylenediamine in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide to introduce additional amino groups into the gelatin to get amino-gelatin. Upon mixing the aldehyde-dextran (Ald-dextran or O-Dex) and amino-gelatin (MGel) aqueous solutions together, a gel formed based on the Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde groups in the aldehyde-dextran and the amino groups in amino-gelatin. The gelation time is dependent on the dialdehyde group content in aldehyde-dextran and amino group content in amino-gelatin. We found the fast hydrogel formation took place within 2 seconds. When the dialdehyde group content in aldehyde-dextran was higher than 84% and the amino group content in amino-gelatin was 55%. Those two components hydrogel has been successfully used as tissue adhesive for rat model with the tissue adhesive strength higher than that of fibrin glue. It has also been used as hemostatic agent for the live tissue of rat with the hemostatic ratio of 50%.The hydrogel has a good cytocompatibility. We suspended the synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) into the hydrogel and injected it into the rat for cartilage regeneration. This novel injectable hydrogels scaffold regenerated cartilage in vivo. Furthermore we added the third component to the aldehyde-dextran and amino-gelatin. The three polymer components in aqueous solution formed interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels, which could used as 3-dimensional structure tissue engineering scaffolds. We use aldehyde-dextran, amino-gelatin and sodium hyaluronic （HA）to form the IPN-1 hydrogel and designed a hierarchically injectable IPN-2 hydrogel from aldehyde-dextran, amino-gelatin and 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-acrylate. The results showed that these two kinds IPN hydrogels possessed good mechanical properties, controllable degradation rate and favorable biocompatibility. The IPN hydrogels in our study could be used for bone and cartilage tissue scaffolds. So dextran based hydrogels could be a promising candidate as tissue adhesive agent and tissue engineering scaffold.

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Dextran-Based Hydrogel as a Tissue Adhesive Agent and Tissue Engineering Scaffold (pp. 109-142)